Hi, can someone tell me why x is still a 2x1-matrix in the last step? > x <- 1:2 > x [1] 1 2 > t(x) [,1] [,2] [1,] 1 2 > x <- as.matrix(x,ncol=2) > x [,1] [1,] 1 [2,] 2 I figured out that if I use "x <- matrix(x,ncol=2)", instead of as.matrix(), it works fine. What exactly is the difference between matrix() and as.matrix() here? The help file describes the two functions with different words, but the essence sounds like the same to me. Thanks in advance, Alex