Hi R lovers I would like to know how to step to the next line in the R console editor without breaking the continuity of my code more clearly : if for example I write a function, so far i have to write the all code inside on the same line wich may become obscure as the function is more and more complex. I would like to do like in the example of the manuels:>twosam <- function(y1, y2) {n1 <- length(y1); n2 <- length(y2) yb1 <- mean(y1); yb2 <- mean(y2) s1 <- var(y1); s2 <- var(y2) s <- ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2) tst <- (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2)) tst } all I can do is something like that:>twosam <- function(y1, y2) { n1 <- length(y1); n2 <- length(y2)+ yb1 <- mean(y1); yb2 <- mean(y2) s1 <- var(y1); s2 <- var(y2) + s <- ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2) + tst <- (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2)) tst } with the sign "+" in front of each line What does this sign mean? and how could I solve my problems Thanks
You can start the first line with "(". Then everything you write will
NOT be syntactically complelte until you issue the closing ")". I
learned this from Venables and Ripley, Modern Applied Statistics with S.
The "+" sign in front of each line is NOT something you should enter:
R
changes its prompt to tell you that the previous line was not
syntactically complete.
I prefer to keep my code someplace else and then transfer a complete
function into R at one time. See
"http://socserv.socsci.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion/ESS/index.html"
Does this answer your questions?
Best Wishes,
Spencer Graves
Vincent Stoliaroff wrote:>
> Hi R lovers
>
> I would like to know how to step to the next line in the R console
> editor without breaking the continuity of my code
> more clearly : if for example I write a function, so far i have to write
> the all code inside on the same line wich may become obscure as the
> function is more and more complex.
> I would like to do like in the example of the manuels:
>
>> twosam <- function(y1, y2) {
>
> n1 <- length(y1); n2 <- length(y2)
> yb1 <- mean(y1); yb2 <- mean(y2) s1 <- var(y1); s2
<- var(y2)
> s <- ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2)
> tst <- (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2)) tst }
>
>
> all I can do is something like that:
>
>> twosam <- function(y1, y2) { n1 <- length(y1); n2 <-
length(y2)
>
>
> + yb1 <- mean(y1); yb2 <- mean(y2) s1 <- var(y1); s2
<-
> var(y2)
> + s <- ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2)
> + tst <- (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2)) tst }
>
> with the sign "+" in front of each line
> What does this sign mean? and how could I solve my problems
> Thanks
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
> http://www.stat.math.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
The R prompt should be though of as a one line editor or rather one
expression editor. You can not "step" between lines etc while editing
an
expression. The "+" in front of each row placed there by R indicating
that even if you have typed ENTER the expression is not finished and
that R expect you to close it (normally by closing brackets, parentesis
etc). The "+" is just an indicator and will not be included in your
expression.
What you really want to do when you create functions etc is to write the
up in an external text editor, save them with the extension *.R, e.g.
"twosam.R", and the use source to read the function in to R, i.e.
> source("twosam.R")
Make sure to save your twosam.R file as *text*. If you're using Windows
you can use Notepad to do this. Also, you have to save the file in the
working directory of R. You can find the current working directory of R
by
> getwd()
Alternatively, you'll have to specify the full path to the file when
using source
> source("C:/My Documents/hb/twosam.R")
Hope this helps!
Henrik Bengtsson
> -----Original Message-----
> From: r-help-admin at stat.math.ethz.ch
> [mailto:r-help-admin at stat.math.ethz.ch] On Behalf Of Vincent
> Stoliaroff
> Sent: den 4 mars 2003 13:36
> To: r-help at stat.math.ethz.ch
> Subject: [R] writing several command line in R console
>
>
>
> Hi R lovers
>
> I would like to know how to step to the next line in the R
> console editor
> without breaking the continuity of my code
> more clearly : if for example I write a function, so far i
> have to write the
> all code inside on the same line wich may become obscure as
> the function is
> more and more complex.
> I would like to do like in the example of the manuels:
>
> >twosam <- function(y1, y2) {
> n1 <- length(y1); n2 <- length(y2)
> yb1 <- mean(y1); yb2 <- mean(y2) s1 <- var(y1);
> s2 <- var(y2)
> s <- ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2)
> tst <- (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2)) tst }
>
>
> all I can do is something like that:
>
> >twosam <- function(y1, y2) { n1 <- length(y1); n2 <-
length(y2)
>
> + yb1 <- mean(y1); yb2 <- mean(y2) s1 <- var(y1);
> s2 <- var(y2)
> + s <- ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2)
> + tst <- (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2)) tst }
>
> with the sign "+" in front of each line
> What does this sign mean? and how could I solve my problems Thanks
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
> http://www.stat.math.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/> r-help
>
>
Thanks to all
1) OK for the "+" sign and the problem of syntactelly unbreaking when
you
open a { or a (
2) Thanks for the advise to use another editor for the functions. And then
the source() function. I tried it succesfully
Long life to R!
>From: "Henrik Bengtsson" <hb at maths.lth.se>
>To: "'Vincent Stoliaroff'" <vsensae at hotmail.com>,
><r-help at stat.math.ethz.ch>
>Subject: RE: [R] writing several command line in R console
>Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 14:04:13 +1100
>
>The R prompt should be though of as a one line editor or rather one
>expression editor. You can not "step" between lines etc while
editing an
>expression. The "+" in front of each row placed there by R
indicating
>that even if you have typed ENTER the expression is not finished and
>that R expect you to close it (normally by closing brackets, parentesis
>etc). The "+" is just an indicator and will not be included in
your
>expression.
>
>What you really want to do when you create functions etc is to write the
>up in an external text editor, save them with the extension *.R, e.g.
>"twosam.R", and the use source to read the function in to R, i.e.
>
> > source("twosam.R")
>
>Make sure to save your twosam.R file as *text*. If you're using Windows
>you can use Notepad to do this. Also, you have to save the file in the
>working directory of R. You can find the current working directory of R
>by
>
> > getwd()
>
>Alternatively, you'll have to specify the full path to the file when
>using source
>
> > source("C:/My Documents/hb/twosam.R")
>
>Hope this helps!
>
>Henrik Bengtsson
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: r-help-admin at stat.math.ethz.ch
> > [mailto:r-help-admin at stat.math.ethz.ch] On Behalf Of Vincent
> > Stoliaroff
> > Sent: den 4 mars 2003 13:36
> > To: r-help at stat.math.ethz.ch
> > Subject: [R] writing several command line in R console
> >
> >
> >
> > Hi R lovers
> >
> > I would like to know how to step to the next line in the R
> > console editor
> > without breaking the continuity of my code
> > more clearly : if for example I write a function, so far i
> > have to write the
> > all code inside on the same line wich may become obscure as
> > the function is
> > more and more complex.
> > I would like to do like in the example of the manuels:
> >
> > >twosam <- function(y1, y2) {
> > n1 <- length(y1); n2 <- length(y2)
> > yb1 <- mean(y1); yb2 <- mean(y2) s1 <- var(y1);
> > s2 <- var(y2)
> > s <- ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2)
> > tst <- (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2)) tst }
> >
> >
> > all I can do is something like that:
> >
> > >twosam <- function(y1, y2) { n1 <- length(y1); n2 <-
length(y2)
> >
> > + yb1 <- mean(y1); yb2 <- mean(y2) s1 <- var(y1);
> > s2 <- var(y2)
> > + s <- ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2)
> > + tst <- (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2)) tst }
> >
> > with the sign "+" in front of each line
> > What does this sign mean? and how could I solve my problems Thanks
> >
> > ______________________________________________
> > R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
> > http://www.stat.math.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/> r-help
> >
> >
Hallo On 4 Mar 2003 at 2:36, Vincent Stoliaroff wrote:> > Hi R lovers > > I would like to know how to step to the next line in the R console > editor without breaking the continuity of my code more clearly : if > for example I write a function, so far i have to write the all code > inside on the same line wich may become obscure as the function is > more and more complex. I would like to do like in the example of the > manuels: > > >twosam <- function(y1, y2) { > n1 <- length(y1); n2 <- length(y2) > yb1 <- mean(y1); yb2 <- mean(y2) s1 <- var(y1); s2 <- > var(y2) s <- ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2) tst <- (yb1 - > yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2)) tst } > > > all I can do is something like that: > > >twosam <- function(y1, y2) { n1 <- length(y1); n2 <- length(y2) > > + yb1 <- mean(y1); yb2 <- mean(y2) s1 <- var(y1); s2 <- > + var(y2) s <- ((n1-1)*s1 + (n2-1)*s2)/(n1+n2-2) > + tst <- (yb1 - yb2)/sqrt(s2*(1/n1 + 1/n2)) tst } > > with the sign "+" in front of each line > What does this sign mean? and how could I solve my problems > ThanksMaybe looking to the manuals will be more precise than my answer. + is a continuity sign and means you did not finished your imput and you shall continue typing your command. But why you do not use any text ditor for writing functions and than copy/paste to R command window?> > ______________________________________________ > R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list > http://www.stat.math.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-helpCheersPetr Pikal petr.pikal at precheza.cz p.pik at volny.cz